Otherwise, the good bacteria (microbiome) on the hand may be degenerated, potentially resulting in antibiotic resistance and rendering one more susceptible to allergies.
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Moreover, skin is a natural barrier to pathogens and hand sanitizers should only be used when necessary, e.g., when hand washing with regular soap is not possible. In most cases, dry skin is not a serious problem, however, it can lead to dermatological complications when managing an infection, for example. Alcohol is a drying agent and its effect on the epidermal layer of skin is dehydrationn 11. A fundamental component in hand sanitizers is alcohol, whose content must constitute 60% for hand sanitizers to be effective in eliminating pathogens on hands 10. Owing to the importance of hand sanitizers in combating the Covid-19, their demand has increased significantly in 2020, with a 600 times increase in production 9. Among many precautions, hand washing with cleaner and water has been underlined the most because of its cost-effectiveness and easy access to the general public 8. With no clinically supported medicines accessible, the solitary alternative is to cling to the preventive measures given by the World Health Organization (WHO) 7. In particular, the world is currently struggling to manage the most widespread pandemic of the century, i.e., Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Foodborne outbreak research has found that poor personal hygiene practices by grocers contribute to the transmission of pathogens in many outbreaks 6. Hand washing has for some time been perceived as a significant sterile technique in forestalling the transmission of irresistible illnesses 5, 6. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, basic handwashing is the absolute most significant method for forestalling the spread of infectious diseases 3, 4. Hand cleanliness is viewed as the most significant and compelling contamination control measure to prevent the transmission of nosocomial microbes in medical services settings 2. Hands are the essential method of transmission of numerous irresistible infectious, especially among school-matured children 1. Owing to the high antimicrobial activity and skin protection of hand gels, they are suitable to be used as hand sanitizers in restaurants, hospitals, and homes effectively. We successfully formulated hand gel from ZnAC, glucomannan, glycerol, and O. The hand gel has a skin irritation index of 0.0 and is classified as a non-irritating product. Additionally, skin moisture is increased by applying the hand gel while its viscosity is at the standard level of commercial products. Toxicity evaluation shows that, the hand gel does not affect the viability of mammalian HaCaT cells.
humifusa extract can kill more than 99% Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria) after 24 h. The hand gel with 0.5 wt.% ZnAC and 1.0 v/v% O. The antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, moisturizing effect, and clinical skin irritation of the hand gel are evaluated. humifusa) extract, which is a high moisturizing agent. In this study, we formulate a novel hand gel based on ZnAC and Opuntia humifusa ( O. The high antimicrobial ability and low toxicity of zinc-aminoclay (ZnAC) are claimed in our previous reports.
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